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Health>On Inyanga/N'angas/Witchdoctors Published: 6 Sep 2006
By Proud Dzambukira
Cultural Innovation in the midst of Political and Social Regression
 
Some might find it easy to condemn the recent move in Zimbabwe to pull "witch doctors" closer into the mainstream by allowing them to grant sick notes to ailing workers. The move follows legislation passed this past July finally getting rid of colonial laws that illegalized the age old institutions of witchcraft on the premise that they were pagan and primitive superstitions. The skeptical reception of the recent news, such as in SW Radio News' report are understandable, justified even, if the apparent political desperation of the present government are taken into account. However this is not to ignore the extent to which desperation breeds true innovation. While it may be justified to call out bluffs and political spin, the quick skepticism might miss the fewer occurrences where major paradigm shifts accompany tough calls in difficult times.

Much has been said and written about the Pan-Africanist agenda for Africa to find and follow its own path and in particular, to explore the rich, virgin gold fields of African knowledge bases. The controversial and renowned Afrocentric scholar, Cheikh Anta Diop in his Towards the African Renaissance: Essays in Culture and Development 1946-1960 declared that "the development of [… African …] indigenous languages is the prerequisite for a real African renaissance" (p.35) and Aimé Césaire eloquently noted at the First International Congress of Black Writes and Artists, "La voie la plus courte vers l'avenir est qui passe par l'approfondissement du passé." The deeper you look into the past, the shorter your way to the future (1956).

Dare I propose then that, whether inadvertently or not, the recent policy by the health ministry has created a unique opportunity for the kind of fundamental cultural innovation that the pan-African movement's founding fathers could only dream of in 1956? One hopes that the open acceptance of the authority and knowledge of traditional healers might create space for a candid dialogue between ancient healing techniques and spirituality with the mainstream western modes. I am under no allusion though about the controversy and difficulty of such a step. I remember as a curious child attending a few traditional ceremonies in which various “ancestors� where summoned into spirit mediums through dance and song. I remember the terror that would haunt me for weeks afterwards. While westerners and the westernized might find it easy to scoff at the elaborate rituals and knowledge of witchdoctors, it takes being a witness to appreciate why the institutions have survived for so long and the awe and fear they still command even over the well educated. The price of survival has been the creation of complex exclusion mechanisms that wall in the knowledge to a select number of initiates and also make it taboo to conduct public discussions about the inner secrets. To make matters worse, well documented cases of fraud by tricksters pretending to be powerful witchdoctors without any corresponding documentation of the successes of the genuine ones set extremely unfavorable terms for any dialogue.

It should never be forgotten that there have been attempts to heal diseases probably for as long as people have been around. For the complex institutions of traditional healers and witchdoctors to have survived for so many centuries, there has to have been a reasonably high success rate. It would be to our detriment to allow such knowledge to die out -- or to dismiss the opportunity to engage it because it is percieved to have come about as politically motivated "window dressing".

Comments for this article
 
Hey Proud,

I understand this legislation was passed in good faith, but what I am confused about is who is considered a traditional healer? Do they have to be registered, does this mean they will be accountable, like doctors? I have family who claim to know traditionla medicine, yet even I, doubt their expertise. As much as I am for this move, I think Zimbabweans have not been allowed to participate in the legislation process. Maybe, I am just out of the loop, but I would like to take part and contribute my two cents when the government, for instance decides to introduce a new currency, ammend the constitution, or pass legislation on traditional medicine.

Side note: Been waiting for Bhlasen forever!!!!!!!!!

 
Posted by Anonymous on 2 Oct 2006, 02:49

There is ZINATHA which is a professional organization, led by a professor Gordon Lloyd Chavunduka who is a Zimbabwean social scientist and expert on African medicine. He's the president of the organization and the Org grants licences of practice to N'anga dzavo after either training or acknowledging their expertise. Hope that is clear.

Yours, Farai Marazi

 
Posted by Anonymous on 2 Oct 2006, 18:55

Thank you so much for your comments. I think, just to make my position clear, I actually did not mean to imply that the legislation was passed in good faith. If anything, I am sympathetic to those who would argue that in the face of its failure to efficiently manage health provision, the passing of the legislation might be a sign of desperation in the Health Ministry than anything else.

However, recognizing the legislation as such should not be reason to fail to take advantage of what could well be a major institutional shift with long run benefits. As stated by Farai, there is already what seems to be a well staffed and professional bureaucracy to manage the institutional shift. Whereas it appears that no major revolutionary change in Zimbabwe is in sight politically (and where the desirability of such change might, in fact, be questionable), it would be a big loss to let skepticism lead to paralysis and neglect.

In fact while -- as already expressed -- it is desirable for greater civic participation to inform decision making and legislative processes, the structure of most democratic institutions make true participation in the actual formulation of policy very difficult. The burden of citizenship then is to try to maximize the benefits of a piece of legislation that is recognized as good by engaging, regardless of the perceived motivations of the policy makers. At the end of the day, citizens are the greatest losers if their non-participation and disinterest reduce beneficial policies to mere political posturing and rhetoric, which might, in fact, be what the desperate policy makers actually want.

 
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