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Welcome!

The Harvard-Radcliffe Asian American Association, one of the largest student-run ethnic organizations at Harvard College, is dedicated to creating a diverse and nurturing community of Asian American undergraduates at Harvard University. AAA organizes a large variety of educational-political, cultural, outreach, and social events throughout the year.

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Visitas Information!

Hello, prefrosh! Welcome to the Harvard Asian American Association’s homepage. Not sure what you’re looking for in a community? Excited to explore your boundaries? Then this is the place for you!

If you’re looking for activities this weekend, you can check out the following: (TBA)

Also, if you’re interested in becoming part of a sibfam (basically a group of awesome AAA members who can help you transition into college and/or actually become your family), then you should sign up for our summer sibfam page here!

Additionally, if you’re interested in a AAA mentorship program in which upperclassmen on AAA board can help you adjust to college and answer any potential questions you have about college in general, please check out this form here! This is a wonderful opportunity to ask questions and get to know some upperclassmen before you even enter your freshman year, so take advantage of this! Plus, we are all extremely friendly people and will gladly take time to help you with any questions or concerns you have :)

  AAA Presidents

Diana and Helen

Join AAA!

Welcome to our website! We’re Diana and Helen, Co-Presidents of AAA for 2012-13. It’s an honor to be a part of this amazing community, and we look forward to meeting all of you at our great events! While our board elections are held only at the end of fall semester, we highly encourage you to contact us about participating in AAA. We always welcome your emails, regardless of whether it’s about helping our committee chairs, providing us with feedback, or simply bouncing cool ideas off of us!

We look forward to hearing from you, and welcome to the fAAAm!
Diana and Helen
AAA Co-Presidents 2012-13

How can I get involved?

AAA holds many events over the semester, from fun social events and informal mixers, to educational discussions and service activities. We encourage you to check our our Facebook page, follow us on twitter, join our mailing list, and come out to our events!

What is fAAAmily?

fAAAmily is our sib family program. We pair underclassmen with upperclassmen to form families who get together for meals, movies, games, or general fun. Big sibs are older students who are mentors to little sibs, answering questions from academics to extracurriculars, or just to give advice on where to get the best bubble tea in Boston.

Join a sib family! >>

I love AAA. How can I do more?

Join board! Every year we elect a new board, and we welcome you to join us. Applications and more information will be available here in December. For now, we welcome you to contribute to our community blog and come to our events!

Upcoming Events

Recent Events

Our Goal

AAA strives to unite Asian American students at Harvard and raise greater awareness of Asian American issues through social, cultural, and political events. We aim to:

Foster a community within Harvard dedicated to embracing our shared identity and promoting greater awareness of Asian American issues and perspectives;

Provide a forum for Asian Americans at Harvard to voice their opinions and comfortably explore their culture, identity, and individuality;

Address political, economic, and social issues affecting our communities at Harvard as well as at the local and national levels;

Celebrate achievements of Asian Americans, including those in the arts, entertainment, politics, business, science, and academia;

Develop long-lasting partnerships between students, alumni, community activists, and scholars;

Inspire participants to contemplate their roles and responsibilities in forging the future of Asian America.

History

AAA Constitution >>>

Rejection gave birth to the Asian American Association. During first-year orientation week in 1976, two Asian American women decided to attend a Minority Freshman Banquet sponsored by the university, but were barred from entering and were turned away.

Harvard did not recognize Asian Americans as a minority, despite the legacy of legal discrimination and social prejudice they share with other minority groups. Asian Americans were acknowledged as minorities by the federal government and by Harvard in enrollment reports it filed in order to receive federal affirmative-action funding. But the administration embraced the racist notion of Asian Americans as an assimilated, financially secure “model minority” and therefore not a true “minority.”

Furious, Asian Americans and other minority students pointed out the inconsistency in Harvard’s policy and demanded recognition of Asian Americans as minorities. Twelve different student groups submitted a letter to Dean of Students Archie C. Epps III later that month. In response to a petition filed by 27 students in October 1976, Epps decided to include Asian Americans in minority programs but rejected the claim that Asians are “oppressed.”

According to a November 1976 article in The Harvard Crimson, Epps’s reaction had “several ramifications. Many Asian-American students now find themselves in limbo, unable to identify with the white majority, but separated by definition from the minorities on campus,” The Crimson reported.

This feeling of isolation culminated in the establishment of the Asian American Association, which Fred Ho ’79, a sociology concentrator, and other students helped found and spearhead. AAA launched an extensive campaign against the administration in seeking minority status for Asian American students.

The organization grew out of the Coalition of Asian American Students, an early activist group formed during the Vietnam War to oppose the U.S. war effort. The coalition dissolved after the war ended, but served as a precedent for the founding of AAA in 1976.

The orientation-week incident was the catalyst for the new group. Through protests and discussions, Asian Americans gained increases in admissions and recruitment trips to the West Coast and publication of an Asian American recruitment pamphlet. Still, Harvard denied recognition of Asian Americans as minorities.

The Coalition of Asian American Students joined with the Black Students Association, La Organizacion, and other minority groups, and circulated a platform flier declaring that “Asian American minority recognition is an essential fight to expand the gains won by minority students and the democratic rights to self determination in their affairs.”

After extensive confrontations and information campaigns and a sit-in in University Hall in which students vowed not to leave Epps’ office until acceptance was accorded, the administration formally acknowledged Asian Americans as minorities at the end of 1976.

The goals of AAA were defined early on, though Ho stated that debate and differences raged about the direction of the new organization.

Some students supported AAA as an apolitical social group while others, Ho included, wanted the organization to take on an activist role with educational goals as well.

“The activist legacy of AAA is critically important; it has to get things done,” Ho said, adding that the cultural and social aspects of Asian American life could not be considered without taking into account the political struggles of Asian Americans.

Assuming a heavily political stance, the early core members sponsored events such as Asian American parties and cultural programs in addition to fighting for recruitment and greater admission of Asian Americans, supporting divestment from South Africa and forming a community-service program in Boston’s Chinatown.

“AAA really expanded after I left, due to the involvement of activist Asian women,” Ho said, citing as a main concern the organization’s disproportionate male-female ratio. Symptomatic of many oppressed groups, Ho said, Asian American women often had to deal with men’s insecurities, even in a university environment.

In 1979, AAA president Steve Pon wrote “An Asian American Perspective,” a radical essay outlining past discrimination against Asian Americans. “Who hasn’t been asked if your father works in a restaurant or laundry, or how long have you been in this country, or even, ‘You speakee English?’ Who hasn’t been called a ‘Chink’ or a ‘Jap,’ or sneaky or inscrutable? Who hasn’t been asked to say something in Chinese, and when you explain you’re Japanese, they reply, ‘Well, it’s all the same, isn’t it?’ Or perhaps strangers come up to you and ask if you’re Chinese or Japanese and when you tell them, they are proud that they could tell the difference, or they tell you they had Chinese food last night.”

Pon viewed AAA as an educational organization dedicated to mutual support among members and to informing others about Asian American issues. “The reasons for having an AAA are as many and diverse as the people in it. … It is ours to mold, build and use as we wish. Come, help shape it with your own hands,” Pon wrote.

Involved in AAA from 1976 to 1980, Renee E. Tajima ’80 was a core member of AAA and helped lobby for minority recognition for Asian Americans at Harvard.

“I remember sitting in Epps’s office demanding an admissions and recruitment program for Asians,” she said. Tajima went on to become the founder and first staff member for the Asian American admissions and recruitment program, taking trips around the country to encourage Asian Americans from low-income families to apply.

The political activities of AAA pivoted on involvement with two movements. The first, the East Coast Asian Student Union (ECASU), which Tajima helped found, served as an intercollegiate support network and pushed for affirmative action, an issue which the historic Bakke case in the Supreme Court brought to the nation’s attention. Through participation in marches in Washington, D.C. and campus education, AAA members sought support.

In 1977, AAA was a key part of an anti-apartheid coalition of more than 1,000 students who took over Holyoke Center. “We closed it down,” Tajima said. “We took over the offices and educated people about apartheid.”

The apparent rift between the “political” core members and those who sought a more social role for the organization persisted, according to Tajima. “The challenge was to find common ground,” she said.

At that time, Radcliffe women put together a slide show on the Asian American experience of women, a production which was a very emotional project for all involved because it helped unify students both within and outside of AAA. The slide show opened the eyes of the less political members and heightened the importance of teamwork and compromise for the core members, Tajima said.

Tajima, now an independent documentary filmmaker based in California, said AAA and other campus organizations helped prepare Asian Americans for leadership positions. “[AAA] really changed leadership of Asian Americans. If you look at the people running for elected office or who are involved in Asian American legal aid, a lot of them started on a campus organization,” she said. “Even those who were not political people have become politicized in the process and are still involved which would not have happened without AAA.”

Peter N. Kiang ’80, a AAA member from its founding and now a professor of Asian American studies at the University of Massachusetts at Boston, drew up a proposal for a Third World Center which was to become a base of resources controlled by minority student groups. Instead, Harvard responded by creating the Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations, whose primary goal was to promote interracial relations.

Student groups felt that they were already adequately promoting interccultural relations, and really needed a source of funds, Kiang said. Harvard retained its “power of the purse” through the Foundation instead of giving it to the groups directly, he said. “It created a relationship of dependency because of the grants program.” The student organizations’ independence in funding and autonomy was infringed upon because the Foundation made them apply for funding, according to Kiang.

All the student organizations boycotted the Harvard Foundation in 1980 to 1981, he said, but eventually had to give in due to lack of money and resources. “It’s a sad commentary on students of color because they are seen as ambassadors of their culture.”

However, AAA leaders emphasize that the Foundation is today a vital source of support and funding as well as an important liaison between student groups and the administration. In particular, today’s student leaders praise Foundation Director Dr. S. Allen Counter for his efforts in strengthening and aiding their groups in inviting speakers and organizing other events.

During the early 1980s, AAA established several sub-committees. The admissions and recruitment committee was dedicated to increasing applications, acceptances and matriculation of Asian American students, especially those from urban and working-class backgrounds. But while AAA’s constitution states that its purpose is to meet the “political, cultural, educational, and social needs of Asian-American students,” even in the nascent phases of its existence, AAA recognized and struggled with the difficulties of representing and providing resources for an extremely diverse and rapidly expanding community.

Individual ethnic-specific groups were formed, notably the Chinese Students Association, Koreans of Harvard-Radcliffe (now the Korean Students Association), and the Japanese Cultural Society. In addition, a group for Asian American women was established. AAA maintained its commitment to supporting these groups as they formed.

The fight against stereotypes on campus continued in the 1980s. In the spring of 1980, the Hasty Pudding Theatricals show, “A Little Knife Music,” employed a character named “Edgar Foo Yung,” depicted as a stereotypical Asian American who is poisoned at the close of the play because of his romantic interest in a white female protagonist.

The racist and insensitive depiction of Asian Americans enraged student groups. In a February 1980 letter to the editor in The Crimson, Elizabeth T. Partridge ’80 wrote that the character was a racist caricature “complete with the requisite trailing pigtail, pidgin English, and tiny stature. He bows and clasps his hands together, preeminently laughable in all his jerky, awkward mannerisms.”

AAA consequently met with the Hasty Pudding to discuss the portrayal and demanded the removal of the character from the play. Though the Hasty Pudding conceded that students could potentially misconstrue what it said was all in good humor, it refused to change the play.

Led by Florence Houn ’80, an early AAA leader who is now a doctor, AAA started a massive poster campaign, protesting in front of the Pudding Club during performances of the play. “A mere recognition of the problem without subsequent termination of the practice is a sterile intellectual exercise; it does not repair the inherent social damages of the play,” AAA wrote in a letter to The Crimson in March 1980. Backed by the BSA, La Organizacion and La RAZA, AAA successfully persuaded the Pudding to include a letter of protest from AAA in the play program.

In the 1980s, the AAA struggle moved to Byerly Hall. A controversy over admissions erupted in the Ivy League, where it was suggested that Asian Americans should no longer be recruited because there were too many proportionate to their numbers in the population. Rumors of a quota ceiling for Asian Americans circulated, leading to confrontations between AAA and the administration.

Margaret Chin, co-president of AAA from 1983 to 1984, worked in the admissions office under the minority recruitment program. “For the first time people looked at SAT scores and found that while Asians had the highest SAT scores, the admit rates were the lowest,” Chin said.

In a statistical report by the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid on minorities, the percentage of Asian American admits was consistently lower than that of other minorities. From 1980 to 1986, the percentage of Asian Americans accepted lingered around 15 percent, compared with 27.2 percent for blacks and 24.8 percent for Hispanics. AAA and other students attended meetings with then admissions officers L. Fred Jewett and William R. Fitzsimmons, asking for an explanation for the discrepancies.

The admissions office replied by stating that its objective was to look for “well-rounded” applicants. Chin said that only after much negotiation and disputes did AAA and the admissions office settle by shifting the focus of recruiting to low-income and underrepresented minority students.

The current members of the Asian American Association are extremely proud of the organization’s history. Today’s AAA embraces its legacy of pursuing social justice for the Asian American community and continues to be a forceful voice for Asian American and other causes on Harvard campus and beyond.

Our Board

AAA Board

 

Co-Presidents

Diana Nguyen
My name is Diana Nguyen and I am from Lawndale, California. I am a sophomore living in Quincy house and concentrating in government. I can often be found listening to NPR, eating yogurt with honey, or sipping on tea. I am very excited to serve as the co-president of the Harvard Radcliffe Asian American Association! My freshman year I was the frosh rep and during my sophomore year I was the education/political chair. I look forward to AAA moving into new uncharted territories and into engaging conservations regarding the Asian American Identity.

Helen Zhao
Hi everyone! My name is Helen and I’m a sophomore in Pforzheimer House concentrating in Psychology. Although my parents moved to upstate New York after I started college, I still consider myself a true Boston girl. When I am not spending time with my amazing fAAAmily, you can find me dancing with various dance groups on campus or working with the sassy Cambridge kids of CityStep. I fell in love with the Asian American Association my freshman year and am excited to work with this year’s board to bring AAA to even greater heights!

 

Co-Vice Presidents

Seiji Liu
Hey guys, I’m currently a junior studying Economics with a secondary in East Asian Studies living in Kirkland. I was born and raised in Southern California and currently reside in Beverly Hills, CA. Outside of AAA, I’m a proud member of the Harvard Varsity Golf Team, on the board of the Asian American Brotherhood, volunteer with Cambridge Public Schools Afterschool Program, and am part of the Harvard Financial Analysts Club. This is my 2nd year on board and I hope to channel my strong experiences and work within AAA to foster Asian Americans’ sense of community and awareness at Harvard.

Joshua Zhang
I’m currently a junior at Harvard studying Economics with a secondary in Government. I was born in Lubbock, Texas, but grew up in Detroit, Michigan. Aside from AAA, I’m also involved with the Board of Directors for the COOP, WorldMUN, Crimson Key Society, Eleganza, and the Asian American Brotherhood. On a typical day you can find me falling asleep in random places, freestyling, getting swole, eating my bodyweight in peanut butter, and carrying my co-VP, Seiji Liu, home after he has one beer.

 

Secretary

Brianna Bueltmann
Hi! I’m Brianna, and I’m a freshman in Pennypacker (hollaaa!) from central Illinois. When I’m not hanging out with the incredible community that is AAA (shout-out to bAnAnAs and my awesome roommate for getting me involved!), you can find me playing the ukulele, hosting a murder mystery party, or working with people with developmental disabilities. So excited to be a part of the fAAAm!

 

Co-treasurers

Shannon Fan
I’m currently a freshman living in Thayer and potentially concentrating in HDRB.  I was raised in sunny southern California, only twenty minutes from Disneyland!  Aside from AAA, I work with the First-Year Social Committee and the Harvard College Consulting Group and dance with the Asian American Dance Troupe.  In my spare time, you can find me watching Modern Family and How I Met Your Mother or cheering on the Lakers.

Yuning Zhang 
Hi! My name is Yuning Zhang and I am one of the co-treasurers! I am currently a freshman living in Matthews and I’m originally from Connecticut. I am interested in economics and hope to pursue a career in business in the future. I’m excited for another thrilling year with AAA!

 

Social Co-Chairs

Boyoung Kim
Hey all! I’m a freshman from southern California, currently living in Pennypacker (go Union dorms!). I’m not quite sure what I want to concentrate in, or what I want to with my life post-college, but I’m having a bumping time figuring it out. I enjoy exploring sweet restaurants and good eats, dancing to ratchet music, frequenting New York, watching movies, and playing tennis. Besides planning awesome events with my lovely co-chair Kev and addressing Asian American issues with AAA, you can find me obsessively devouring fruit, attempting to twerk in the mirror to Mika, or laughing obnoxiously with friends (or without- that happens too). I am really looking forward to this semester serving AAA and making a difference on campus!

Kevin Liang
I’m currently a freshman living in Wigglesworth considering a concentration in either Economics or Statistics. I was born and raised in Boston, and I live literally less than two miles away from Harvard (I probably shouldn’t be sharing such personal information). Besides AAA, I am an account manager for Harvard Student Agencies, an analyst for the Harvard College Consulting Group, and a member of the Keychange a cappella group. In my spare time, I enjoy boasting about my tan complexion, bumping to Top 40′s with my co-chair, making self-deprecating jokes, eating, driving, eating, drinking water, eating, and writing run-on sentences.

 

Outreach Co-Chairs

Alex Pong
I’m a freshman from New York City currently living in Canaday C, and probably concentrating in Computer Science. In addition to AAA, I also do a little bit of Android app development for Rover. AAA is a great organization, and I’m excited to be participating in it!

Kyi Thant
I’m currently a sophomore in Quincy House concentrating in Economics with a secondary in Psychology. I was born in Burma (Myanmar), and lived the last nineteen years of my life in the “Golden Land”. On campus, I am involved in other organizations in addition to AAA, including the Leadership Institute at Harvard College, Women in Business, and the Harvard Crimson. AAA is a wonderful group of people, who are passionate about contributing to the Asian American society at Harvard and enriching the diverse cultural society on campus. It is an honor being on board, and being part of the fAAAm- loooooovin’ it.

 

Ed/Pol Co-Chairs

Jessica Yap
Hi! I’m a sophomore in Pfoho, an Earth and Planetary Science concentrator, and I’m from San Francisco, California.    I got involved in AAA because of the opportunity to advocate for the education and political involvement of and about the Asian American community. My co-chair Katrina (woot!) and I are excited to create spaces and opportunities for YOU to get involved in purposeful and invested ways in the API community.  It’s been a great opportunity to witness and learn from the leadership of my awesomesauce board members. In addition to AAA, I’m a Garden Gnome with the Harvard Community Garden (in front of Lowell House), and also am part of Harvard College Faith and Action.  I love Southeast Asian food. I wish I had a kitchen in my room. And I’m trying to learn the ukulele from YouTube.  In the future, I hope to get involved in sustainable development and food security.

Katrina Wong
Heyheyy! My name is Katrina and I’m currently a (remixed) sophomore studying Sociology and Ethnic Studies living in Leverett House. I’m coming back from a year off abroad having done some development work with a few incredible non-profit NGOs in South East Asia. I was born in the Philippines, but spent my formative years in San Diego, CA so you already know I’m not made for this New England weather. Outside of AAA, I’m a director for the Social Innovation Collaborative and a barista at Café Gato Rojo (stop by! I make a damn good honey soy chai latte :) ). I am extremely excited to be working with this amaaazing board this year, and to bring new fire to AAA’s rich, political history. I love dreamers, changemakers, dancing, singing, sass-ing, diva fanning, having long, meaningful conversations and this is now sounding a lot like an online dating post so I’ll just stop right there.

 

Publicity Co-Chairs

Cindy Niu
Cindy Niu likes observing people in coffee shops and making playlists for every occasion in her life. She gets emotional while watching movies and laughs at nondescript things on a daily basis. The best way to cheer her up is to serve her pastries or take her on a long walk. Her favorite emotions are “nostalgic” and “contemplative”. However, the words most often used to describe her are “tall” and “absurd”. Other adjectives that apply are: freshman, Wigglesworthy, and undecided. Cindy lives on Long Island, NY with her parents and nonexistent dog, in an unremarkable suburb by the shore.

Preeti Srinivasan
Hey everybody! I’m Preeti Srinivasan, and I’m a freshman currently living in Grays Hall. I’m from the beautiful Glastonbury, Connecticut, which is about an hour and a half away from campus… so yes, I AM very familiar with the snow. I’m a Publicity Co-Chair along with my beautiful publicity twin, Cindy Niu, and doing PR work is one of my favorite things! Some of my other favorite things besides public relations and AAA are reading, traveling, shopping, and the movie Legally Blonde (which is secretly my life story, except that I’m Indian). When I’m not hanging out with the lovely people of AAA, I’m a flyer on the Harvard cheer team, a panelist on the Harvard Theater Awards panel, and a mentor for a PBHA program. I love working with people and making new friends, so if you ever see me feel free to say hi!

 

Cultural Co-Chairs

Shannen Kim
Hey everyone!  I’m currently a sophomore in Winthrop House concentrating in Neurobiology with a secondary in Global Health and Health Policy.  I’m toying with the idea of going to medical school, but nothing’s set in stone yet. :P  I was born and raised in the suburbs of Los Angeles, where I still live today.  My dad is from South Korea and my mom is from the Philippines, but sadly I can only speak English (and some Spanish, I guess).  I absolutely love the sun and the beach, and on cold rainy days you can find me snuggled up in my bed watching the latest episode of How I Met Your Mother.  On campus, I am currently co-president of the Harvard Philippine Forum and a classroom teacher for City Step.  I’m always up for chill movie nights or spontaneous trips into Boston or afternoon boba runs.  I love meeting new people and expanding our fAAAmily, so don’t be afraid to approach us.  We’d love to meet you!

Dominick Zheng
Dominick Zheng was born in Canada and by some sick twist of fate is currently a freshman in Canaday (the people are cool, the mice are not). He joined AAA partly out of peer pressure but has ended up finding a lot of love for his fAAAm. As one of the cultural chairs, he hopes to  continue the ongoing mission of raising awareness for issues in the Asian-American community that often go unnoticed. He thinks AAA is in a powerful position to bring about action on campus. At night, Dominick chills with Cambridge’s homeless community with the Homeless Shelter’s street team and volunteers at Boston Medical Center’s OB/GYN clinic for Health Leads. He uses a lot of his free time to do hardcore immunology research, play volleyball, drum for a so-bad-it’s-almost-good band, and do graphite/charcoal portraiture. Other interests include writing self indulgent autobiographies in third person, going to Hillel more often than his Jewish friends do, and pronouncing “tomorrow” the proper, Canadian way. He is down to have latkes any time.

 

Media/Tech Co-chairs

Christian Carvajal
Hey everybody, I’m a sophomore in Mather House concentrating in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. Considering a secondary in either East Asian Studies or Visual and Environmental Studies. I’m also involved in AAB, the Harvard Breakers, and Youth in Focus. I like to dance and listen to music.

Anson Kahng
Hello, everyone! I’m Anson, a current freshman in Lionel concentrating in (hopefully) computer science or statistics/applied math. I’m from sunny, sunny San Diego, so the weather in Boston is a big change for me. I play competitive frisbee and table tennis (stop laughing), and I’m also involved with various music groups on campus. I enjoy playing piano in my free time: anything from classical to current pop hits, so if you see some weird kid in Holden Chapel at some ungodly (ha, pun) hour of the night, that’s probably me trying to de-stress a bit! I’m ethnically Korean, but I unfortunately I can’t speak the language (and apparently learning Korean from Kdramas and Kpop songs is harder than I anticipated). I also really enjoy meeting new people and broadening my horizons, so if you see me around, feel free to say hi!

 

Hello Alumni!

“The Asian American Association made me, perhaps for the first time, truly appreciate our common experiences — our strengths and struggles, those of our parents, and those of our children. It is an experience that is deep as it is broad, and it is something I still want to share with others.”

–Alexander Nguyen, Class of ’99

Mentorship Program

In the fall, we will be continuing our mentorship program that pairs undergraduates with alumni who have experienced it all before. If you’d like to serve as a mentor but didn’t have the chance to do so last fall, please email us, and we’ll be glad to match you up with a current AAA member. Thanks, and enjoy the weekend!

Featured Alumnus: Fred Ho

Fred Ho, the Asian American musician, composer, writer, and activist combines music and politics to fight discrimination and redefine American identity. He has developed a “new American multicultural music” which recognizes the diverse cultural contributions to twentieth century American music. His revolutionary compositions challenge the status quo by providing an artistically provocative vision for the future. Ho’s intent in composing music is not only to recognize different forms, but to convey anti-oppression messages that provide an alternate framework upon which American identity is defined.

Fred Wei-han Houn (later Fred Ho) was born in 1957 in Palo Alto, California. At the age of six, Ho and his family settled permanently in Amherst, Massachusetts. However, Ho was discriminated against at school because of his Chinese background. In order to make sense of the discrimination that he faced, Ho tried to conform to Euro-American norms. By the time he reached adolescence, the energy that Ho had directed toward assimilation had produced feelings of self-denial and self-hatred.

The junior high and high school years marked a turning point. He began to redefine his identity as a Chinese American, breaking away from the pattern of assimilation that he had adopted in his childhood. The social revolutions of the sixties had especially a strong impact upon him. He explored issues of power and discrimination and raised questions about his identity. At the same time that Ho was experiencing intellectual growth, he grew emotionally and creatively. He changed the way he thought about himself and others and turned anger and pain into action and power. At school Ho enrolled in a “Black Experience” class and was introduced to the work of several African American authors, including Malcolm X. The exposure to anti-oppression ideas changed his life, and at the age of sixteen he converted briefly to the Muslim religion.

Though Ho had begun to play the baritone saxophone at the age of fourteen, he did not follow a path that would purposely lead to a professional career in music. After high school, he attended Harvard University and graduated in 1979 with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology. While in school, Ho founded the East Coast Asian Student Union in 1978 and the Asian American Resource Workshop in 1979.

In 1981, Ho left Boston for New York, where he focused on building a professional career in music. From the year of his arrival until 1988, he led the Asian American Arts Ensemble. In 1982, Ho formed the Afro Asian Music Ensemble out of a desire to lead and compose for his own group. Since that time, Ho has demonstrated incredible talent in composing his own pieces and leading not only the Afro Asian Music Ensemble and the Asian American Arts Ensemble, but the Monkey Orchestra and the Afro Asian Arts Dialogue as well.

His compositions combine free jazz with traditional Chinese folk music, resulting in award-winning, revolutionary music. In addition to gaining recognition for the products of his work, Ho has garnered several prestigious awards which support the process of composing music, including two National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships, a 1989 and 1994 New York Foundation for the Arts Music Composition Fellowship, and the 1988 Distinguished Artist Lifetime Achievement Award given by the 17th Annual Black Music Conference at the University of Massachusetts.

Fred Ho continues to be an active member of the Asian American community. He is the founder of Guerilla Music Productions, co-founder of AsianImprov Records, and owner and founder of Transformation Art Publisher. He lectures regularly to university audiences and has spoken at numerous conferences on the arts and Asian American affairs. By combining political activism with artistic integrity, Ho is able to pursue his goal of redefining American cultural identity to include not only Euro-American culture and values but those of Asian/Pacific Americans, African Americans, Native Americans and Chicanos as well.

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